See kʷer- on Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeR-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷér-t ~ *kʷr-ént (root aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒆪𒅕𒈪",
"pos": "1sg.pres.act.",
"tr": "ku-er-mi"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒆪𒅕𒈪 (ku-er-mi, 1sg.pres.act.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒆪𒅕𒈪 (ku-er-mi, 1sg.pres.act.), 𒆪𒂊𒅕𒍣 (ku-e-er-zi, “to cut, to cut up, to cut off”, 3sg.pres.act.), 𒆪𒂊𒅕𒋫 (ku-e-er-ta, 3sg.pret.act.)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"tr": "kuwarti"
},
"expansion": "Luwian: [script needed] (kuwarti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luwian: [script needed] (kuwarti)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "kūra",
"t": "he built"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: kūra (“he built”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: kūra (“he built”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kʷareti",
"t": "make, cause"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷareti (“make, cause”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷareti (“make, cause”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbm",
"2": "paras",
"pos": "3sg.pret."
},
"expansion": "Middle Breton: paras (3sg.pret.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Breton: paras (3sg.pret.)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "peri"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: peri",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: peri; paraf (1sg.pres.)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*Hákart"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hákart",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hákart (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷér-(h₁)s-eti ~ *kʷér-(h₁)s-onti ((h₁)se-desiderative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"pos": "1sg.pret.act.",
"tr": "ku-e-er-šu-un"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [script needed] (ku-e-er-šu-un, 1sg.pret.act.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: [script needed] (ku-e-er-šu-un, 1sg.pret.act.), [script needed] (kur-ša-a-i, “to cut off”, 2sg.imp.act.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷér-kʷor- ~ *kʷér-kʷr̥- (secondary intensive)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"tr": "kurkuriyat"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [script needed] (kurkuriyat)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: [script needed] (kurkuriyat)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"alt": "*kárkr̥-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kárkr̥-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "as if from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*kʷor-kʷr̥-</i>; expected <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"iir-pro\">**čárkr̥-</i>"
},
"expansion": "(as if from *kʷor-kʷr̥-; expected **čárkr̥-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kárkr̥- (as if from *kʷor-kʷr̥-; expected **čárkr̥-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"alt": "*kárkr̥-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kárkr̥-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kárkr̥-"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "करिकृत्",
"pos": "act. participle",
"tr": "kárikrat"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: करिकृत् (kárikrat, act. participle)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: करिकृत् (kárikrat, act. participle)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷe-kʷór-e (perfect)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*čakā́ra"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čakā́ra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čakā́ra"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ćakā́ra"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćakā́ra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćakā́ra"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "चकार",
"t": "has made",
"tr": "cakā́ra"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: चकार (cakā́ra, “has made”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: चकार (cakā́ra, “has made”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷí-kʷr̥-(h₁)s-eti ~ *kʷí-kʷr̥-(h₁)s-onti (reduplicated (h₁)se-desiderative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*číkr̥Hšati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *číkr̥Hšati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *číkr̥Hšati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ćíkr̥Hṣati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćíkr̥Hṣati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćíkr̥Hṣati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "चिकीर्षति",
"tr": "cíkīrṣati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: चिकीर्षति (cíkīrṣati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: चिकीर्षति (cíkīrṣati)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷor-éye-ti ~ *kʷor-éy-onti (éye-causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kāráyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kāráyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kāráyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*kāráyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kāráyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kāráyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कारयति",
"tr": "kāráyati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: कारयति (kāráyati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: कारयति (kāráyati), कारयते (kāráyate)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷ-kʷr̥s-eti ~ *kʷ-kʷr̥s-onti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"tr": "ku-kur-ša-an-t-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [script needed] (ku-kur-ša-an-t-)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"pos": "part.",
"t": "to cut up, to mutilate",
"tr": "ku-gur-ša-an-t-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [script needed] (ku-gur-ša-an-t-, “to cut up, to mutilate”, part.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: [script needed] (ku-kur-ša-an-t-), Hittite: [script needed] (ku-gur-ša-an-t-, “to cut up, to mutilate”, part.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷr̥-néw-ti ~ *kʷr̥-nw-énti (néw-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kr̥náwti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kr̥náwti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kr̥náwti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷr̥-sḱ-éti ~ *kʷr̥-sḱ-ónti (sḱe-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"pos": "3sg.",
"tr": "kuraskizzi"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [script needed] (kuraski[zzi], 3sg.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: [script needed] (kuraski[zzi], 3sg.), [script needed] (kureskanzi, 3pl.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷér-mn̥ ~ *kʷr̥-méns"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"alt": "*čárma ~ *kr̥máns"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čárma ~ *kr̥máns",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čárma ~ *kr̥máns"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"alt": "*ćárma ~ *kármanas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćárma ~ *kármanas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćárma ~ *kármanas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कर्मन्",
"t": "act, action",
"tr": "kárman",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Sanskrit: कर्मन् (kárman, “act, action”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Sanskrit: कर्मन् (kárman, “act, action”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷér-ōr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πέλωρ",
"t": "supernatural monster"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πέλωρ (pélōr, “supernatural monster”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πέλωρ (pélōr, “supernatural monster”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πελώριος",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πελώριος (pelṓrios)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πελώριος (pelṓrios)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "πελώριος",
"t": "gigantic, enormous"
},
"expansion": "Greek: πελώριος (pelórios, “gigantic, enormous”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: πελώριος (pelórios, “gigantic, enormous”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷór-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kā́ras"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kā́ras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kā́ras"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*kā́rah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *kā́rah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *kā́rah"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"t": "work, deed, affair",
"tr": "kʾl",
"ts": "kār"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (kʾl /kār/, “work, deed, affair”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (kʾl /kār/, “work, deed, affair”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "کار",
"t": "work",
"tr": "kâr"
},
"expansion": "Persian: کار (kâr, “work”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: کار (kâr, “work”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷér-tis ~ *kʷr̥-téy-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kŕ̥tiš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kŕ̥tiš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kŕ̥tiš"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*kŕ̥tiṣ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kŕ̥tiṣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kŕ̥tiṣ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कृति",
"t": "the act of doing",
"tr": "kṛ́ti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: कृति (kṛ́ti, “the act of doing”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: कृति (kṛ́ti, “the act of doing”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷér-tu-s ~ *kʷr̥-téw-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kʷritus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷritus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷritus"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cruth",
"t": "form"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: cruth (“form”), crud\nIrish: cruth\nManx: croo\nScottish Gaelic: cruth",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: cruth (“form”), crud\nIrish: cruth\nManx: croo\nScottish Gaelic: cruth"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "pryd",
"t": "form, time"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: pryd (“form, time”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: pryd (“form, time”), prydaf (“compose poetry, versify”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷr̥-tó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kr̥tás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kr̥tás",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kr̥tás (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷr̥-yos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kʷaryos",
"t": "cauldron"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷaryos (“cauldron”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷaryos (“cauldron”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷór-yo-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kā́ryas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kā́ryas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kā́ryas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*kā́ryas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kā́ryas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kā́ryas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कार्य"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: कार्य (kārya)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: कार्य (kārya) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*karyah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *karyah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *karyah"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀 (kaⁱriia)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀 (kaⁱriia)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*tšerkā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *tšerkā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *tšerkā"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "sarkë",
"t": "build, frame"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: sarkë (“build, frame”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: sarkë (“build, frame”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kēr-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kēr-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kēr-, *ker-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kẽras",
"t": "charm, magic"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: kẽras (“charm, magic”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: kẽras (“charm, magic”), kerė́ti (“to enchant, charm, bewitch”), kùrti (“to do, make, build”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čarъ",
"t": "magic, sorcery"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *čarъ (“magic, sorcery”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *čarъ (“magic, sorcery”), *čara (“magic, sorcery”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kʷritanī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷritanī",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷritanī, *kʷritenī"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*Pritanī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *Pritanī",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *Pritanī, *Pritenī, ?*Brɨθon"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "Prydein"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: Prydein",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: Prydein"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "Prydain"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: Prydain",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: Prydain, ?Brython"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Πρεττανία",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ancient Greek: Πρεττανία (Prettanía)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ancient Greek: Πρεττανία (Prettanía), Βρεττανία (Brettanía)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Brittānia",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: Brittānia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: Brittānia"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τέρας"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: τέρας (téras)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "with <i class=\"Polyt mention\" lang=\"grc\">-ας</i> (-as) added within Greek"
},
"expansion": "(with -ας (-as) added within Greek)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: τέρας (téras) (with -ας (-as) added within Greek) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kar-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kar-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kar-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*kar-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *kar-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *kar-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐭪𐭫𐭩",
"tr": "-kly",
"ts": "-gar"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: 𐭪𐭫𐭩 (-kly /-gar/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: 𐭪𐭫𐭩 (-kly /-gar/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ـگر",
"tr": "-gar"
},
"expansion": "Persian: ـگر (-gar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: ـگر (-gar)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "karel"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: karel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: karel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "kerū"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: kerū",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: kerū"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The original meaning is often reconstructed as \"to carve, to shape by cutting\", based on the Anatolian forms.",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷer-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to do"
],
"id": "en-kʷer--ine-pro-root-IXZV9I3e",
"links": [
[
"do",
"do"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to make"
],
"id": "en-kʷer--ine-pro-root-akNDa9RO",
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to build"
],
"id": "en-kʷer--ine-pro-root-D9q-mEa7",
"links": [
[
"build",
"build"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "to do, make; act vigorously",
"word": "yeh₁-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "to prepare, make ready",
"word": "h₂er-"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "kʷer-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeR-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷér-t ~ *kʷr-ént (root aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒆪𒅕𒈪",
"pos": "1sg.pres.act.",
"tr": "ku-er-mi"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒆪𒅕𒈪 (ku-er-mi, 1sg.pres.act.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒆪𒅕𒈪 (ku-er-mi, 1sg.pres.act.), 𒆪𒂊𒅕𒍣 (ku-e-er-zi, “to cut, to cut up, to cut off”, 3sg.pres.act.), 𒆪𒂊𒅕𒋫 (ku-e-er-ta, 3sg.pret.act.)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"tr": "kuwarti"
},
"expansion": "Luwian: [script needed] (kuwarti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luwian: [script needed] (kuwarti)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "kūra",
"t": "he built"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: kūra (“he built”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: kūra (“he built”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kʷareti",
"t": "make, cause"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷareti (“make, cause”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷareti (“make, cause”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbm",
"2": "paras",
"pos": "3sg.pret."
},
"expansion": "Middle Breton: paras (3sg.pret.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Breton: paras (3sg.pret.)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "peri"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: peri",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: peri; paraf (1sg.pres.)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*Hákart"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hákart",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hákart (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷér-(h₁)s-eti ~ *kʷér-(h₁)s-onti ((h₁)se-desiderative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"pos": "1sg.pret.act.",
"tr": "ku-e-er-šu-un"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [script needed] (ku-e-er-šu-un, 1sg.pret.act.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: [script needed] (ku-e-er-šu-un, 1sg.pret.act.), [script needed] (kur-ša-a-i, “to cut off”, 2sg.imp.act.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷér-kʷor- ~ *kʷér-kʷr̥- (secondary intensive)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"tr": "kurkuriyat"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [script needed] (kurkuriyat)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: [script needed] (kurkuriyat)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"alt": "*kárkr̥-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kárkr̥-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "as if from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*kʷor-kʷr̥-</i>; expected <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"iir-pro\">**čárkr̥-</i>"
},
"expansion": "(as if from *kʷor-kʷr̥-; expected **čárkr̥-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kárkr̥- (as if from *kʷor-kʷr̥-; expected **čárkr̥-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"alt": "*kárkr̥-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kárkr̥-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kárkr̥-"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "करिकृत्",
"pos": "act. participle",
"tr": "kárikrat"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: करिकृत् (kárikrat, act. participle)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: करिकृत् (kárikrat, act. participle)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷe-kʷór-e (perfect)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*čakā́ra"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čakā́ra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čakā́ra"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ćakā́ra"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćakā́ra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćakā́ra"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "चकार",
"t": "has made",
"tr": "cakā́ra"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: चकार (cakā́ra, “has made”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: चकार (cakā́ra, “has made”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷí-kʷr̥-(h₁)s-eti ~ *kʷí-kʷr̥-(h₁)s-onti (reduplicated (h₁)se-desiderative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*číkr̥Hšati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *číkr̥Hšati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *číkr̥Hšati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ćíkr̥Hṣati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćíkr̥Hṣati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćíkr̥Hṣati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "चिकीर्षति",
"tr": "cíkīrṣati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: चिकीर्षति (cíkīrṣati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: चिकीर्षति (cíkīrṣati)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷor-éye-ti ~ *kʷor-éy-onti (éye-causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kāráyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kāráyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kāráyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*kāráyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kāráyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kāráyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कारयति",
"tr": "kāráyati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: कारयति (kāráyati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: कारयति (kāráyati), कारयते (kāráyate)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷ-kʷr̥s-eti ~ *kʷ-kʷr̥s-onti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"tr": "ku-kur-ša-an-t-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [script needed] (ku-kur-ša-an-t-)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"pos": "part.",
"t": "to cut up, to mutilate",
"tr": "ku-gur-ša-an-t-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [script needed] (ku-gur-ša-an-t-, “to cut up, to mutilate”, part.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: [script needed] (ku-kur-ša-an-t-), Hittite: [script needed] (ku-gur-ša-an-t-, “to cut up, to mutilate”, part.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷr̥-néw-ti ~ *kʷr̥-nw-énti (néw-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kr̥náwti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kr̥náwti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kr̥náwti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷr̥-sḱ-éti ~ *kʷr̥-sḱ-ónti (sḱe-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"pos": "3sg.",
"tr": "kuraskizzi"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [script needed] (kuraski[zzi], 3sg.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: [script needed] (kuraski[zzi], 3sg.), [script needed] (kureskanzi, 3pl.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷér-mn̥ ~ *kʷr̥-méns"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"alt": "*čárma ~ *kr̥máns"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čárma ~ *kr̥máns",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čárma ~ *kr̥máns"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"alt": "*ćárma ~ *kármanas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćárma ~ *kármanas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćárma ~ *kármanas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कर्मन्",
"t": "act, action",
"tr": "kárman",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Sanskrit: कर्मन् (kárman, “act, action”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Sanskrit: कर्मन् (kárman, “act, action”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷér-ōr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πέλωρ",
"t": "supernatural monster"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πέλωρ (pélōr, “supernatural monster”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πέλωρ (pélōr, “supernatural monster”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πελώριος",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πελώριος (pelṓrios)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πελώριος (pelṓrios)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "πελώριος",
"t": "gigantic, enormous"
},
"expansion": "Greek: πελώριος (pelórios, “gigantic, enormous”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: πελώριος (pelórios, “gigantic, enormous”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷór-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kā́ras"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kā́ras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kā́ras"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*kā́rah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *kā́rah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *kā́rah"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"t": "work, deed, affair",
"tr": "kʾl",
"ts": "kār"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (kʾl /kār/, “work, deed, affair”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (kʾl /kār/, “work, deed, affair”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "کار",
"t": "work",
"tr": "kâr"
},
"expansion": "Persian: کار (kâr, “work”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: کار (kâr, “work”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷér-tis ~ *kʷr̥-téy-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kŕ̥tiš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kŕ̥tiš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kŕ̥tiš"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*kŕ̥tiṣ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kŕ̥tiṣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kŕ̥tiṣ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कृति",
"t": "the act of doing",
"tr": "kṛ́ti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: कृति (kṛ́ti, “the act of doing”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: कृति (kṛ́ti, “the act of doing”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷér-tu-s ~ *kʷr̥-téw-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kʷritus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷritus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷritus"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cruth",
"t": "form"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: cruth (“form”), crud\nIrish: cruth\nManx: croo\nScottish Gaelic: cruth",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: cruth (“form”), crud\nIrish: cruth\nManx: croo\nScottish Gaelic: cruth"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "pryd",
"t": "form, time"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: pryd (“form, time”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: pryd (“form, time”), prydaf (“compose poetry, versify”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷr̥-tó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kr̥tás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kr̥tás",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kr̥tás (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷr̥-yos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kʷaryos",
"t": "cauldron"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷaryos (“cauldron”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷaryos (“cauldron”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kʷór-yo-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kā́ryas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kā́ryas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kā́ryas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*kā́ryas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kā́ryas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kā́ryas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कार्य"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: कार्य (kārya)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: कार्य (kārya) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*karyah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *karyah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *karyah"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀 (kaⁱriia)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀 (kaⁱriia)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*tšerkā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *tšerkā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *tšerkā"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "sarkë",
"t": "build, frame"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: sarkë (“build, frame”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: sarkë (“build, frame”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kēr-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kēr-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kēr-, *ker-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kẽras",
"t": "charm, magic"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: kẽras (“charm, magic”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: kẽras (“charm, magic”), kerė́ti (“to enchant, charm, bewitch”), kùrti (“to do, make, build”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čarъ",
"t": "magic, sorcery"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *čarъ (“magic, sorcery”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *čarъ (“magic, sorcery”), *čara (“magic, sorcery”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kʷritanī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷritanī",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷritanī, *kʷritenī"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*Pritanī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *Pritanī",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *Pritanī, *Pritenī, ?*Brɨθon"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "Prydein"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: Prydein",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: Prydein"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "Prydain"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: Prydain",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: Prydain, ?Brython"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Πρεττανία",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ancient Greek: Πρεττανία (Prettanía)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ancient Greek: Πρεττανία (Prettanía), Βρεττανία (Brettanía)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Brittānia",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: Brittānia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: Brittānia"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τέρας"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: τέρας (téras)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "with <i class=\"Polyt mention\" lang=\"grc\">-ας</i> (-as) added within Greek"
},
"expansion": "(with -ας (-as) added within Greek)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: τέρας (téras) (with -ας (-as) added within Greek) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kar-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kar-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kar-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*kar-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *kar-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *kar-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐭪𐭫𐭩",
"tr": "-kly",
"ts": "-gar"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: 𐭪𐭫𐭩 (-kly /-gar/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: 𐭪𐭫𐭩 (-kly /-gar/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ـگر",
"tr": "-gar"
},
"expansion": "Persian: ـگر (-gar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: ـگر (-gar)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "karel"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: karel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: karel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "kerū"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: kerū",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: kerū"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The original meaning is often reconstructed as \"to carve, to shape by cutting\", based on the Anatolian forms.",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷer-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to do"
],
"links": [
[
"do",
"do"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to make"
],
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to build"
],
"links": [
[
"build",
"build"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "to do, make; act vigorously",
"word": "yeh₁-"
},
{
"english": "to prepare, make ready",
"word": "h₂er-"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "kʷer-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kʷer- meaning in All languages combined (18.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.